:: Achievements

» Nitrifying bioreactors to be integrated in to prawn/shrimp hatchery system and the Organic Recirculation Prawn Seed Production System
» Antagonistic probiotics useful in prawn/shrimp culture systems
» Cyanobacterial system for the management of vibrios
» Bioaugmentors for detritus management in shrimp culture systems
» Novel anti-Vibrio drugs useful in shrimp/prawn hatcheries
» Acremonium insoluble beta glucan as potential immunostimulant
» Chitosan based drug delivery system
» Indirect fluorescent antibody technique for the detection of Vibrio alginolyticus.
» New fish/ prawn cell cultures and cell lines.
» Numerical taxonomy of Family- Vibrionaceae
» Integrated Disease Management System (IDMS) for prawns
» Patents
» Publications
» Research / Review Papers
» Newsletters/ Magazines
» National / International Conferences
» Symposia/ Conferences/ Workshops Conducted
» Doctoral Works Completed at the Centre
» Ongoing Doctoral Programmes at the Centre
The Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management was conceptualized and established by harnessing the research potentials, capabilities built up and the achievements made by Dr. I.S. Bright Singh and his associates over a decade in the School of Environmental Studies. Since its inception, the Centre has gone far ahead in achieving milestones that are visualized for an integrated and sustainable aquaculture.

1. Nitrifying bioreactors to be integrated in to prawn/shrimp hatchery system and the Organic Recirculation Prawn Seed Production System, Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India.
A novel bioreactor technology, for the rapid removal of ammonia and nitrite from prawn larval rearing systems has been developed and validated with the financial assistance of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. The technology consists of two types of reactors, named in situ stringed bed suspended bioreactor (SBSBR) designed to be used in larval rearing tanks during the larval rearing and a second type reactor named ex-situ packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) meant for nitrifying fresh and spent sea water before and after larval rearing.
This technology precisely facilitates establishment of closed hatchery systems that are proposed globally as the next generation hatchery technology. Patent application has been filed under PCT # 828/DEL/2000 dated 13–9–2000. The technology is under transfer to industry through M/s Oriental Aquamarine Biotech (India) Private Limited, Coimbatore (email: orpsps@vsnl.net). This forms part of the novel Recirculation System developed for shrimp and prawn seed production. Besides the nitrifying bioreactors, a detritus management system, a biological anti-vibrio preparation, and a probiotic antagonistic bacterial preparation are also integrated in to the technology to make it a complete system for the management of health of the rearing stock. The technology is offered as a package engineered in such a way that it can be integrated effectively with least disturbance and alternations in the existing infrastructure.

2. Antagonistic probiotics useful in prawn/shrimp culture systems
An antagonistic bacterial cultures belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae has been isolated and developed into an application module to combat bioluminescent vibrios such as Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio splendidus. After in vitro laboratory studies, the probiotic is now under field trial in hatchery systems.

3. Cyanobacterial system for the management of vibrios
A cynaobacterial system consisting of two Synechocystis sp. was developed to manage Vibrios in aquaculture systems. They control vibrios through antagonism and enhance the generic diversity of the intestinal flora, regulating its composition favorable to shrimp larvae. The high protein content of Synechocystis spp. C-51 and C-54 and the presence of carotenoids make the cultures ideal feed additives enhancing the weight gain and colouration of the shrimp post larvae. These cyanobacterial cultures form part of our microbial culture collection (Accession No. CFDDM MCCB 114 and 115).
4. Bioaugmentors for detritus management in shrimp culture systems
We have developed a bioaugmentor for detritus management in closed systems using a strain of Bacillus sp. (Detrodigest) from our Probiotic Bacterial Library. On application to the system, it degrades the organic matter into CO2 and assimilable minerals enhancing the micro algal productivity of the system besides enhancing the total heterotrophic bacterial population in the system, increasing the protease production. The increased enzyme production enhances degradation of the nitrogenous waste to ammonia, which is utilized by the micro algal population.
5. Novel anti-Vibrio drugs useful in shrimp/prawn hatcheries
Novel anti-Vibrio drugs have been extracted from cyanobacteria, Pseudomonas sp. and Micrococcus sp. which produce antagonistic compounds under in vitro conditions.
6. Acremonium insoluble beta glucan as potential immunostimulant
We modified the alkali-acid hydrolysis method to extract Acremonium insoluble b glucan (AIBG) to make the process cost effective for aquaculture industry. This glucan preparation was structurally studied using NMR and its immunostimulatory property was confirmed in Fenneropenaeus indicus.
7. Chitosan based drug delivery system
A comparatively inexpensive, easily prepared, microcapsule that can be used for the delivery of drugs to aquatic animals was developed at the Centre. The chitosan-based microcapsules showed considerably higher retention capacity of free amino acids (FAA) in seawater when compared to ordinary surface coated feed. Using this as the base wall material, Acremonium insoluble beta glucan and bacterins were microencapsulated and administered to the larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in two modes, daily and once in 7-day interval. The batch of larvae fed once in seven days performed better than either the control (not given the encapsulated drug) or the batch fed daily in terms of overall survival and metamorphosis, the number of days required for emergence of post larvae, length, weight and specific growth rate. These results proved that application of microencapsulated glucan and bacterins once in seven days will enhance the production of quality seed of M. rosenbergii
8. Indirect fluorescent antibody technique for the detection of Vibrio alginolyticus.
The technique finds application in quantifying V. algynolyticus in aquaculture systems
9. New fish/ prawn cell cultures and cell lines.
Appropriate tissue culture protocols and methodologies have been developed for the development and maintenance of two diploid cell cultures from indigenous fishes. The diploid cell culture named PRL –1 has been developed from larval/ embryonic tissue of the ovoviviparous fish PoeciIia reticulata. Employing the standardized protocols it is now possible to develop and maintain the cell culture for a period not less than three months with nine consecutive passages. In similar lines a diploid cell line named CGO-1, has also been generated from developing ovarian tissue of Clarias gariepinus. This cell culture could be passaged 15 times and maintained for a period of one year. Efforts are underway to establish these cell cultures.
A major research project funded by Department of Biotechnology has been implemented here to develop cell cultures from penaeid prawns for the isolation of White Spot Virus. A new process has been formulated to develop primary cell cultures from eyestalk, gills, hepatopancreas, lymphoid organs, heart, ovary and nerve cord of F. indicus and P. monodon. We have established cell lines from hepatopancreas of F. indicus (Fi HTP-1), from eye-stalk of P. monodon ( Pm - EST) and eye-stalk of F. indicus (Fi - EST). Characterization of the cell lines are underway.
10. Numerical taxonomy of Family- Vibrionaceae
Vibrionaceae is the most predominant family of heterotrophic bacteria associated with prawns. As part of understanding this family, which would facilitate its management in prawn culture systems, a numerical taxonomy analysis of the members of the family associated with the larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii has been carried out with financial assistance from International Foundation for Science, Sweden. The out come of the study was very much intriguing, as the native population did not match with the standard /type strains of the family. More investigations have been planned to look into the genotype similarity with known species of the family.
11. Integrated Disease Management System (IDMS) for prawns
An Integrated Disease Management System for prawn grow outs has been developed and is under field application. This is based on a series of quality assurance programmes, which includes quality of the seed, feed and the culture environment. The seed quality is assured by screening the post larvae for latent virus and by feeding with gut probiotics and immunostimulants in hatchery itself. The feed quality assurance is by regulating the protein content of the feed and also by incorporating gut probiotics, immunostimulants and growth factors in it by surface dressing. Water quality is assured through rigorous water quality estimations coupled with application of pond probiotics for rapid mineralization of organic matter, nitrification and removal of hydrogen sulphide. This package has been extended successfully to prawn grow out systems in different parts of the country.

Patents
1. Coir Retting Bioreactor – Patent Application No.: 130/MA/2002 dated 18/02/2002
2. Bioreactors for nitrifying water in closed system hatcheries of penaeid and non-penaeid prawns - Patent Application No. : 828/DEL/2000 dated 13.9.2000
3. Depuration System - Patent file No. 75/MAS/95 by D. D. Nambudiri, I. S. Bright Singh, Sajan George, and P. M. Sherief, 1995.

Publications
Books
1. Singh, I.S.B., Y. S.Yadava (Editors), (In press). Aquaculture Medicine and Aquatic Animal Health Management (ISBN 81-901701-0-4). Aquaculture Authority, Government of India, Chennai
2. Singh, I.S.B., S. Somnath Pai, R. Phillip, A. Mohandas (Editors), 2003. Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2). Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin.
3. Mohandas A., I.S. Bright Singh (Editors), 1998. Frontiers in Applied Environmental Microbiology (ISBN 81-900724-0-4). School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin.

Research / Review Papers
Peer Reviewed Journals
1. Sajeevan TP, Philip R, Singh ISB (In Press) Immunostimulatory effect of a marine yeast Candida sake in Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture.
2. Jayaprakash NS, Pai SS, Philip R, Singh ISB (2006) Isolation of a pathogenic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus from necrotic larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879). Journal of Fish Diseases 29:187-191.
3. Reed RH, Singh ISB, Mani SK, Kanjur R (2006) Comparative evaluation of solar disinfection using small-scale batch reactors with reflective, absorptive and transmissive rear surfaces. Water Research 40:721-727.
4. Jayaprakash NS, Kumar VJR, Philip R, Singh ISB (2006) Vibrios associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae from three hatcheries in Indian southwest coast. Aquaculture Research 37:351-358.
5. Vijayan KK, Singh ISB, Jayaprakash NS, Alavandi SV, Pai SS, Preetha R, Rajan JJS, Santiago TC (2006) A brackishwater isolate of Pseudomonas PS-102, a potential antagonistic bacterium against pathogenic vibrios in penaeid and non-penaeid rearing systems. Aquaculture 251:192-200.
6. Jayaprakash NS, Pai SS, Anas A, Preetha R, Philip R, Singh ISB (2005) A marine Micrococcus MCCB104 antagonistic to vibrios isolated from prawn larval rearing systems. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 68:39-45.
7. Anas A, Paul S, Jayaprakash NS, Philip R, Singh ISB (2005) Antimicrobial property of chitosan to vibrios associated with freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) larval rearing system. Disease of Aquatic Organisms 67:177 - 179.
8. Singh ISB, Manjusha M, Pai SS, Philip R (2005) Fenneropenaeus indicus is protected from white spot disease by oral administration of inactivated white spot syndrome virus. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 66:265-270.
9. Ajitha S, Sridhar M, Sridhar N, Singh ISB, Varghese V (2004) Probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria against Vibrio alginolyticus in Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) indicus (H. Milne Edwards). Asian Fisheries Science 17:71 - 80
10. Ramachandran K, Singh ISB (2004) Optimum growth requirements of nitrifying consortia from treated sewage. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 42:314-318
11. Anas A, Singh ISB (2003) Application of yeast glucan and bacterins for enhanced seed production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man). Journal of Aquaculture in Tropics 18:205-216
12. Nambudiri DD, George S, Singh ISB, Sherief PM (2001) Influence of storage conditions on the survival period of the clam Meretrix casta. Journal of Food Science and Technology 38:379-380
13. Kumar GS, Singh ISB, Philip R (2001) Development of a cell culture system from the ovarian tissue of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquaculture 194:51-62
14. Vici V, Singh ISB, Bhat SG (2000) Application of bacteria and yeast to protect the larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii from vibriosis in hatchery-system. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 10:559-563
15. Kumar GS, Singh ISB, Philip R (2000) Development of cell culture system from liver, kidney, and spleen of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. In Vitro – Cellular and Developmental Biology 36:84
16. Sen A, Singh ISB, Rengarajan R, Philip R, Kumar GS, Sen A (1998) Evidence of a Bacilliform virus causing outbreaks of white spot disease in Penaeus monodon H. Milne Edwards from India. Asian Fisheries Science 12:1-7
17. Kumar GS, Singh ISB, Philip R, Raveendranath M, Shanmugam J (1996) Efficacy of Fish and Prawn Muscle Extracts as supplement of medium in the development of a primary cell culture system from the larval tissues of the aquarium fish Poecilia reticulate. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 36:91-94

18. Singh ISB, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Chandramohan D (1996) Bacterial flora of pond reared Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards). Journal of Aquaculture in Tropics 13:133-142

19. Singh ISB, Philip R (1995) A simple device for the separation of weak larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquaculture Research 26:255-257

20. Singh ISB, Philip R, Raveendranath M, Shanmugam J (1995) Development of primary cell culture from kidney of fresh water fish Heteropneustus fossilis. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 33:596-599

21. Nambudiri DD, Singh ISB, George S, Sherief PM, Maniappan C, Ayoob TM (1995) Design, fabrication and standardization of a depuration system for bivalves. Fishery Technology 32:126-130

22. Singh ISB, Philip R, Maqbool TK, Ramesh S, Harikrishnan P, Menon NR (1994) Bacteria associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome in fishes of inland waters of Kerala. Indian Journal of Microbiology 34:233-240

23. Singh ISB, Philip R (1993) Comparative efficiency of three media in isolating heterotrophic bacteria from the larvae and larval rearing water of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Indian Journal of Microbiology 33:67-69

24. Singh ISB, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Thomas I, Chandrasekaran M, Chandramohan D (1982) Bacteria associated with brown spot disease in Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards. Bulletin of Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin X11:59-63

25. Singh ISB, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Chandramohan D (1981) Finrot diseases in Etroplus suratensis. Bulletin of Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin X11:147-154

26. Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Chandrasekaran M, Singh ISB, Chandramohan D (1981) Microbial indicators and pathogens near the mouth of Vembanadu Lake. Bulletin of Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin X11:103-109
Newsletters/ Magazines
1. Reed RH, Singh ISB, Mani SK, Kanjur R, Simon N, Mol S (2005) Making the most of a scarce resource – solar disinfection of drinking water in the arid zone of western Rajasthan. Arid Lands Newsletter 57: May/June.
Chapters in Books
1. Singh ISB, Yadava YS, Pai SS (2003) Aquaculture drug regulations in the Indian context. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p323–332
2. Anas A, Singh ISB, Jayaprakash NS (2003) Microencapsulation as a technique for drug targeting. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p293-298
3. Philip R, Sajeevan TP, Singh ISB (2003) Crustacean defense mechanisms and the concept of vaccinating shrimps. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p 203 – 210
4. Singh ISB, Anas A (2003) Preparation of bactrins for use as prophylactic tools for protecting shellfishes from bacteraemia. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p198–202
5. Singh ISB, Achuthan C, Kumar VJR, Manju NJ, Philip R (2003) Bioreactor technology for rapid removal of ammonia and nitrite from prawn larval rearing systems. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p133–134
6. Ranjit S, Singh ISB (2003). Antialgal compounds – their significance and application in shrimp aquaculture. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p56–63
7. Preetha R, Singh ISB, Philip R (2003) Natural antiviral agents for aquaculture application. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p49–55
8. Singh ISB, Kumar GS, Philip R (2003) Cell line as tolls for detection, isolation, and study of viruses rickettsias and other obligate pathogenic microbes of fish and prawns. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p24–26
9. Pai SS, Singh ISB (2003) Nucleic acid based diagnostics for shrimp diseases. In: Singh ISB, Pai SS, Philip R, Mohandas A (eds) Aquaculture Medicine (ISBN 81-900724-1-2), Centre for Fish Disease Diagnosis and Management, CUSAT, Kochi, India. p13–23
10. Kumar GS, Singh ISB, Philip R (2001) A cell culture system from the eyestalk of Penaeus indicus. In: Animal Cell Technology: From Target to Market, E. Lindner-Olsson et al. (eds), p261-265
11. Bhat SG, Singh ISB (1998) Vibrionaceae associated with larval rearing system of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, systematics and pathogenicity. In: Flegel TW (ed) Advances in Shrimp Biotechnology: National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangkok, p279

National / International Conferences
1. Anas A, Singh ISB, Vineetha G, Ranjit S, Joseph V, Jose B, Jayaprakash NS (2005) (Accepted) Isolation and field level validation of a Bacillus Sp for bioremediation of detritus in shrimp grow out systems. International Marine Biotechnology Conference, 7 -12 June,2005, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada.

2. Reed RH, Singh ISB, Mani SK, Kanjur R (2005) Development and evaluation of small-scale solar disinfection systems for household level water treatment in rural India (accepted for XIIth World Water Congress, Delhi, Nov. 2005).

3. Pai SS, Manjusha M, Ranjit S, Thankachan A, Anas A, Philip R, Singh ISB (2004) Evaluation of environmental factors influencing the outbreak of white spot syndrome in latent Penaeus monodon. Conference on Microbiology of Tropical Seas 13-15 December 2004, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India. AQM(P)-8.

4. Singh ISB, Achuthan C, Kumar VJR, Manju NJ, Jayaprakash NS, Anas A, Pai SS, Preetha R (2004) Recirculation system for organic shrimp and prawn seed production. Organic Aquaculture and Sea Farming Global Technical and Trade conference and exhibition. 15 – 17 June 2004. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

5. Manjusha M., Varghese R, Singh ISB, Philip R (1999) Histological demonstration of White Spot Virus and Histopathology in experimentally infected moribund Penaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards in India. Fourth Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture, Nov –1999, ‘Book of Abstracts’ OP-10.

6. Bhat SG, Singh ISB, Varghese V (1998) Segregation of pathogenic strains from the family Vibrionaceae associated with the larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in hatchery. Workshop on Shrimp Immunity and Disease Control, An Integrated Approach, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Nov. 8-10, 1998

7. Sathyakeerthy TR, Singh ISB (1996) Separation of polyphenols from ret liquor. Proc. Eighth Kerala Science Congress, Jan. 1996, p63-64

8. Ramachandran K, Singh ISB (1996) Filterant grains of a biofilter as source of nitrifying bacteria for developing bioreactor. Proc. Eighth Kerala Science Congress, Jan. 1996, p63-64

9. Achuthan C, Singh ISB, Philip R (1996) Development of consortia of nitrifying bacteria for penaeid hatchery systems. Fourth Indian Fisheries Forum, 24-28, Nov. 1996, Cochin, p209

10. Kumar GS, Singh ISB, Philip R, Raveendranath M, Shanmugam J (1996) Development of primary cell culture and cell lines from the embryonic tissues of the fresh water fish Poecilia reticulate. Fourth Indian Fisheries Forum, 24-28, Nov.1996, Cochin, p210

11. Bhat SG, Singh ISB (1996) Heterotrophic bacteria associated with healthy and moribund larvae of Penaeus monodon. Fourth Indian Fisheries Forum, 24-28, Nov. 1996, Cochin, p 193

12. Sen A, Singh ISB, Sen A, Kumar GS, Philip R (1996) Isolation and partial characterization of the etiological agent of white spot disease in penaeids. Fourth Indian Fisheries Forum, 24-28 Nov. 1996, Cochin, p 194

13. Nambudiri DD, Singh ISB, George S, Sherief PM (1996) Rapid method of shuckling bivalves for the production of frozen meat. Fourth Indian Fisheries Forum., 24-28, Nov. 1996, Cochin, p252

14. Singh ISB, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Chandramohan D (1991) Intestinal bacterial flora of Penaeus indicus. Proc. Kerala Science Congress, Kozhikode, p166-168

15. Singh ISB (1990) Bacterial flora of larvae and larval rearing system of giant fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Proc. Kerala Science Congress, Feb 1990, Thiruvananthapuram, p190-194

16. Singh ISB, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Chandramohan D (1989) Bacteriology of the eggs and larvae of Penaeus indicus in hatchery. Proc. Kerala Science Congress, Feb1989, Cochin, p 95-107

17. Singh ISB, Lakshmanaperumalsamy P, Chandramohan D (1985) Heterotrophic bacteria associated with eggs and larvae of Penaeus indicus in hatchery system. Proc. Ist. Int. Conf. on the culture of penaeid Prawns/Shrimps, Iloilo City, Philippines, 4-7, Dec., 169

Symposia/ Conferences/ Workshops Conducted
1. Indo-Singapore joint Workshop on ‘Frontiers in Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology’ organized by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India and Convened by the Centre (April 22-24, 2004)

2. National Workshop on ‘Aquaculture Drugs’. (January 18-20, 2002)

3. National Workshop on ‘Aquaculture Medicine’. (January 18-20, 2001)

4. National Workshop on ‘Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment’ sponsored by MHO-EME Programme, The Netherlands. (October 9-14, 2000)

5. National Symposium on ‘Frontiers in Applied Environmental Microbiology’. (December, 11-13, 1995)

6. Refresher course on ‘Microbiology of Water and Wastewater’ sponsored by University Grants Commission, Govt. of India. (January, 4-28, 1995)

Doctoral Works Completed at the Centre
1. Development of an immunostimulant cum bacterin preparation and appropriate delivery systems to protect prawn larvae from vibriosis. A. Anas. 2006

2. Development of microbial technology for exclusion of vibrios from prawn larval rearing systems. N. S. Jayaprakash, 2005.

3. White spot disease in penaeids: Development of immunodiagnostics and vaccine. M. Manjusha. 2003.

4. Development of cell culture systems from selected species of fish and prawns. G. Sunil Kumar.2000.

5. Development of bioreactors for nitrifying water in closed system hatcheries of penaeid and non-penaeid prawns. Cini Achuthan. 2000.

6. Development of microbial treatment of ret liquor generated in a coir retting bioreactor. P. I. Narayanan. 1999.

7. Polyphenolic compounds liberated during coir retting in a bioreactor: Separation, characterization and possible applications. T. R. Sathyakeerthy. 1999.

8. Systematics and pathogenicity of Vibrionaceae associated with the larvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in hatchery. Sarita G. Bhat. 1998.

9. Development of bioreactors for nitrifying sewage. Kavitha Ramachandran. 1998.

Ongoing Doctoral Programmes at the Centre
1. Management of luminescent bacteria in prawn larval rearing systems. S. Somnath Pai.

2. Development of anti-vibrio and anti-white spot virus preparations from aquatic and terrestrial biota for prawn culture systems. R. Preetha.

3. Aerobic composting of municipal solid wastes: process upgradation and pollution abatement. Leju S. Valsan.

4. Integration of nitrifying bioreactor in closed system prawn hatcheries and process optimisation based on biofilm kinetics. V. J. Rejish Kumar.

5. Bioremediation in prawn grow out system with reference to ammonia and hydrogen sulphide toxicity. Manju N. James.

6. Diseases in ornamental aquarium fishes. K. Sreedharan.

7. Isolation and Identification of anti White Spot Syndrome Virus Molecules From Marine Biota and Development of an anti-WSSV Formulation: Seena Jose

8. Development of ant-white spot syndrome virus preparations from marine and estuarine biota. Sudheer N.S.

9. Solar disinfection of drinking water. Ranjit Kanjur

10. Development of appropriate indigenous handled detritivorous bacteria suitable for bioremediation in shrimp grow out systems. Deepesh V.

11. Marine Streptomyces as source of Novel drugs to manage Vibriosis. Sunish K.S.

12. Molecular and genomic basis of immune response of P.indicus to WSSV vaccine. Gigi Paulose

13. Development of appropriate bioremediation technology for zero-exchange creek-fed shrimp culture systems. Haseeb M.

14. Genomics of the species of Pseudomonas and Micrococcus antagonistic to Vibrio. Priyaja P.

15. Serological characterization and differentiation of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi of penaeid and non-penaeid culture systems- Sreelakshmi B.

16. Vibrio harveyi pahges in marine systems: Phylogenetic diversity and application-Surekhamol I.S